A Summary report by WWF Canada As the Arctic warms and sea ice diminishes, the biggest threat to the Arctic marine environment from ships is from an oil spill. Less summer sea ice has already led to increases in ship traffic, yet significant legislative, capacity, information and funding gaps exist in the current spill response framework in both Nunavut, and in the Beaufort region.

A Study by Bryan Comer, Naya Olmer, Xiaoli Mao, Biswajoy Roy, Dan Rutherford Estimates heavy fuel oil (HFO) use, HFO carriage, the use and carriage of other fuels, BC emissions, and emissions of other air and climate pollutants in the Arctic for the year 2015, with projections to 2020 and 2025.